Errors happen constantly inside a computer. Programs request invalid memory Files fail to load Devices disconnect Applications misbehave Yet your system doesn’t crash every few seconds. Why? Because the operating system (OS) is designed to detect, isolate, manage, and recover from errors silently. Below is a clear, structured breakdown of how operating systems handle errors — without technical overload. 1. Errors Happen More Often Than You Think Most system errors are small and routine. A program asks for unavailable memory A file path doesn’t exist A USB device is removed unexpectedly A background service fails The OS expects these situations. It is built to handle them safely instead of collapsing. 2. Application-Level Errors (Handled First) When an app makes a mistake: The OS detects invalid actions It blocks unsafe operations It sends an error message back to the app The app may display a warning to the user Example: “...
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